Project Director
Prof. dr. ing. habil Ioana IONEL
Director Dep. MMUT
Director Research Center of U.P.T., Mechanics Faculty
www.mec.upt.ro
Department of Mechanical Machines and Transports
www.mec.utt.ro/~DEP4/
Address: Bv. M. Viteazu 1, 300222, Timisoara, Romania,
sala 131A
Phone
: +40 256 403670
Fax: +40 256 403669
Mobile: +40 (0) 723 349337
E -mail: ioana.ionel@mec.upt.ro
Stage 1
Each EU citizen produced 460 kg of waste in 1995. This quantity reached 520 kg per person
in 2004 and by 2020 it is believed that the quantity of waste will be 680 kg. Overall,
this is a 50% increase in 25 years. Elimination of waste at the waste deposits has been
the main treatment method for municipalities. In the last two decades there has been
significant reduction of using this method. In 2004, out of the total waste quantity
in the EU, 47% were deposited. This number will drop to about 35% by 2020. In Romania, as a result of EU waste management legislation being adopted, according to OUG number 78/16.06.2000 (concerning waste management) modified and approved by the Law 426/18.07.2001, the National Strategy for Waste Management has been developed. The purpose of the strategy is the elaboration of the necessary conditions for developing an integrated system for waste management, efficient from an economical and ecological point of view. All waste types generated in Romania are classified in (i) municipal and assimilated waste, (ii) production waste, (iii) medical waste.
During 2003-2006, the total quantity of waste generated in Romania diminished by 13%, from 368.8 mil. tons to 320,6 mil. tons out of which: waste generated by extracting industries 199.2Mt., waste generated by other economical activities 112.4Mt., municipal waste 8.8Mt. About 12.5Mt of industrial waste were reused (which is only 4%) the rest were eliminated. Out of the total quantity of municipal waste, only 6.8Mt were collected, which means 76.8%. Residual and assimilated waste are about 78.8% of the collected municipal waste, about 47% of these being organic biodegradable waste. Only 0.6% of the municipal collected waste were reused, 99.4% were eliminated by using more or less organized deposits. Out of the collected residual collected waste about 42% are carton and paper and 27% is glass waste.
The main purpose of degasification at the deposits which accept biodegradable waste is the prevention of gas emissions in the atmosphere due to the negative environmental consequences. The dimensioning of the degasification installation is based on the prognosis of producing the deposit gas. For existing deposits, the aspiration tests are necessary and their results are correlated with the theoretical prognosis. The degasification system must be implemented with the guaranty of the health of the operating personnel. The entire gas collecting system must be perfectly sealed from the exterior and must be isolated from the draining, levigate evacuation and rain water. The positioning of the elements of the gas collecting system must not affect the functioning of other equipments, base layer or the covering of the deposit. The materials from which the installation is build should be resistant to aggressive actions generated by: high temperature from the deposit body, load due to waste weight, cover of deposit surface, traffic of machinery, microorganisms. The gas collecting and transport system must be placed such that it does not interfere with the deposit operation.